§013. CRS Reports

Reports by the Congressional Research Service

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Appropriations

CRS – Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices (R42647) January 14, 2016

CRS – Limitations in Appropriations Measures an Overview of Procedural Issues (R41634) November 30, 2016

CRS – Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations (R43482) October 8, 2015

CRS – Appropriations Report Language – Overview of Development, Components, and Issues for Congress (R44124) July 28, 2015

CRS – Congressional Action on FY2014 Appropriations Measures (R43338) December 18, 2013

CRS – Transfer and Reprogramming of Appropriations- An Overview of Authorities, Limitations, and Procedures (R43098) June 6, 2013

CRS – Overview of the Authorization – Appropriations Process (RS20371) November 26, 2012

CRS – Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices (RL32473) January 14, 2016

CRS – The Congressional Appropriations Process – An Introduction (R42388) November 14, 2014

CRS – Regular Appropriations Bills Terms of Initial Consideration and Amendment in the House (FY1996-FY2015) (R42933) March 6, 2015

CRS – Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920 to 2015 (RL31572) October 13, 2015

CRS – Appropriations Subcommittee Structure – History of Changes from 1920 to 2015 (RL31572) October 13, 2015

CRS – Emergency Designation: Current Budget Rules and Procedures (R41564) January 6, 2011

CRS – Allocations and Subdivisions in the Congressional Budget Process (RS20144) November 29, 2010

CRS – The Congressional Appropriations Process- An Introduction (97-684) Updated August 3, 1999

Budget Resolutions – Historical Information

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions: Historical Information (RL30297) November 16, 2015

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions: Historical Information (RL30297) February 7, 2014

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions: Historical Information (RL30297) March 13, 2012

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and Information Guide (RL30297) February 26, 2008

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions – Selected Statistics and Information Guide (RL30297) January 25, 2005

Budget Resolutions – General CRS Reports

CRS – The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 and an FY2019 Budget Resolution (R45157) April 10, 2018

CRS – Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution (R44296) Updated April 29, 2019

CRS – Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution (R44296) December 2, 2015

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”: A Budget Enforcement Tool (2013-06-12) (RL31443) June 12, 2013

CRS – Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution (R44296) December 2, 2012

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) Jun. 26, 2012

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) May. 2, 2012

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) Jan. 6, 2011

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) Sep. 2, 2010

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) May. 17, 2010

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) Nov. 14, 2008

CRS – The “Deeming Resolution”- A Budget Enforcement Tool (RL31443) Aug. 9, 2004

CRS – Provisions in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 as an Alternative to a Traditional Budget Resolution (R43535) May 8, 2014

CRS – Committee on the Budget in the House of Representatives: Structure and Responsibilities (R40774) January 13, 2011

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions: Motions to Instruct Conferees (RL31840) Update June 30, 2009.pdf

CRS – S. Con. Res. 13: The Budget Resolution for FY2010 (R40559) June 8, 2009

CRS – The Budget Resolution and Spending Legislation (R40472) June 9, 2009

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions: Consideration and Amending in the Senate (R40665) June 23, 2009

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions – Motions to Instruct Conferees (RL31840) May 16, 2008

CRS – Congressional Budget Process Timetable (98-472) March 20, 2008

CRS – Budget Resolution Enforcement (98-815) August 12, 2008

CRS – Functional Categories of the Federal Budget (98-280) August 19, 2008

CRS – Congressional Budget Resolutions – Motions to Instruct Conferees (RL31840) Update August 14, 2007

CRS – Consideration of the Budget Resolution (98-511) May 1, 2007

CRS – Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution (98-512) May 1, 2007

CRS – Functional Categories of the Federal Budget (98-280) June 13, 2003

CRS – Functional Categories of the Federal Budget (98-280) March 5, 2001

CRS — Issue Brief on the Fiscal Year 1982 Budget (IB81016) December 12, 1981

Sequestration

CRS – Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions (R42972) December 1, 2015

CRS –Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions (R42972) February 27, 2013

CRS – Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules (R42050) January 10, 2013

CRS – Budget Sequesters: A Brief Review (RS20398) March 8, 2004

CRS – Techniques for Preventing a Budget Sequester (RL31155) Updated March 8, 2002

CRS – Sequestration Procedures Under the 1985 Balanced Budget Act (RL31137) September 27, 2001

CRS – The Sequestration Process (RS20007) March 19, 2001

Statutory Enforcement

CRS – Statutory Limits on Total Spending as a Method of Budget Control (R41938) July 26, 2011

CRS – Statutory Budget Controls in Effect Between 1985 and 2002 (R41901) July 1, 2011

CRS – Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals – History and Current Status (RL33635) June 18, 2010

Legislative Procedure and Rulemaking

CRS – The Office of the Parliamentarian in the House and Senate (RS20544) May 2, 2017

CRS – Holman Rule (House Rule XXI, Clause 2(b)) (R44736) January 13, 2017

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) October 20, 2015

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) February 13, 2015

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Jul. 11, 2013

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Mar. 7, 2011

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Dec. 1, 2010

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Jun. 23, 2008

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Jul. 2, 2007

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) May. 19, 2005

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Jun. 3, 2003

CRS – Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process (97-865) Apr. 15, 1999

CRS – Availability of Legislative Measures in the House of Representatives (The “Three-Day Rule”) (RS22015) February 6, 2015

CRS – Veto Override Procedure in the House and Senate (RS22654) February 25, 2015

CRS – Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure (RL31980) March 9, 2015

CRS – Amendments Between the Houses: Procedural Options and Effects (R41003) March 23, 2015

CRS – Suspension of the Rules in the House: Principal Features (98-314) September 15, 2015

CRS – Senate Conferees: Their Selection and Authority (98-380) September 23, 2015

CRS – Floor Consideration of Conference Reports in the Senate (98-737) September 24, 2015

CRS – Queen-of-the-Hill and Amendments to the FY2016 Budget Resolution in the House (Short Report) (IN10252) March 25, 2015

CRS – Privileged Business on the House Floor (98-315) September 24, 2015

CRS – Considering Measures in the House Under the One-Hour Rule (98-427) September 24, 2015

CRS – Queen-of-the-Hill Rules in the House of Representatives (RS20313) September 24, 2015

CRS – Questions of the Privileges of the House (IN10315) July 14, 2015.pdf

CRS – Questions of the Privileges of the House: An Analysis (44005) August 5, 2015

CRS – Questions of Privilege in the House (98-411) September 24, 2015

CRS – Resolving Legislative Differences in Congress: Conference Committees and Amendments Between the Houses (98-696) August 3, 2015

CRS – Rules and Practices Governing Consideration of Revenue Legislation in the House and Senate (R41408) November 12, 2015

CRS – Conference Committee and Related Procedures: An Introduction (96-708) March 9, 2015

CRS – Instructing House Conferees (98-381) March 4, 2015

CRS – Blue-Slipping: Enforcing the Origination Clause in the House of Representatives (RS212360) June 26, 2015

CRS – Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House – Member and Committee Requirements (RS22866 ) May 21, 2015

CRS – Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements (RS22867) May 21, 2015

CRS – Motions to Recommit in the House (98-383) December 3, 2012

CRS – House Legislative Procedures: Published Sources of Information (98-309) November 21, 2012

CRS – Senate Rules Restricting the Content of Conference Reports (RS22733) May 21, 2014

CRS – Motion to Recommit in the House of Representatives: Effects and Recent Trends (RL34757) January 24, 2011

CRS – Special Rules and Waivers of House Rules (98-433) November 17, 2010

CRS – Special Rules and Options for Regulating the Amending Process (98-612) November 17, 2010

CRS – House Committee Chairs: Considerations, Decisions, and Actions as One Congress Ends and a New Congress Begins (RL34679) October 5, 2010

CRS – Unanimous Consent Agreements Establishing a 60-Vote Threshold for Passage of Legislation in the Senate (RL34491) May 12, 2009

CRS – Congressional Budget Act Points of Order (98-876) August 19, 2008

CRS – Parliamentary Reference Sources: Senate (RL30788) April 21, 2008

CRS – Parliamentary Reference Sources: House of Representatives (RL30787) April 4, 2008

CRS – Provisions Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Included in H.Res. 5 (115th Congress) (R44769) February 23, 2017

CRS – House Rules Changes in the 112th Congress Affecting Floor Proceedings (R41711) March 23, 2011

CRS – A Retrospective of House Rules Changes Since the 110th Congress (R42359) June 4, 2014

CRS – Changes to Senate Procedures at the Start of the 113th Congress Affecting the Operation of Cloture (S.Res. 15 and S.Res. 16) R42996 March 19, 2013

CRS – Changes to Senate Procedures in the 113th Congress Affecting the Operation of Cloture (S.Res. 15 and S.Res. 16) (R42996) March 13, 2013

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Made at the Beginning of the 112th Congress (R41926) July 20, 2011

CRS – House Rules Changes in the 111th Congress Affecting Floor Proceedings (R40509) April 13, 2009

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting Congressional Budget Process Made at the Beginning of the 110th Congress (RL34149) August 30, 2007

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting Floor Procedures in the 109th Congress (RL32772) February 15, 2005

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting the Congressional Budget Process in the 109th Congress (H.Res. 5) (RS22021) January 7, 2005

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting the Congressional Budget Process in the 108th Congress (H.Res. 5) (RL31728) February 28, 2003

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting Floor Proceedings in the 108th Congress (RS21388) January 17, 2003

CRS – House Rules Changes Affecting Floor Proceedings in the 107th Congress (RS20782) Updated January 17, 2001

CRS – Senate Organization in the 107th Congress: Agreements Reached in a Closely Divided Senate (RL308811) December 20, 2006

CRS – House Rules Committee Hearings on Special Rules (98-313) November 17, 2010

CRS – The Motion to Recommit in the House of Representatives (R44330) January 6, 2016

CRS – Senate Powersharing Agreement of the 107th Congress (2001-2003): Key Features (RS20785) December 27, 2006

CRS – Preparation for Senate Markup (98-243) April 30, 2007

CRS – Markup in Senate Committee – Choosing A Text (98-244) September 2007

CRS – Markup In Senate – Amendments (98-245) September 11, 2007

CRS – Reporting a Measure from a Senate Committee (98-246) September 14, 2007

CRS – Senate Committee Reports: Required Contents (98-305) January 22, 2008

CRS – House Rules Changes in the 111th Congress Floor Proceedings (R40509) April 13, 2009

CRS – Amendments Between the Houses: A Brief Overview (98-812) February 25, 2011

CRS – Amendments Between the Houses (98-812) May 19, 2003

CRS – Debate, Motions, and Other Actions in the Committee of the Whole (RL32200) May 11, 2011

CRS – Sufficiency of Signatures on Conference Reports (RS21629) May 2, 2012

CRS – Counting Electoral Votes: An Overview of Procedures at the Joint Session, Including Objections by Members of Congress (RL32717) January 2, 2013

CRS – Voting and Quorum Procedures in the Senate (96-452) August 19, 2013

CRS – Quorum Requirements in the Senate: Committee and Chamber (98-775) September 9, 2013

CRS – Senate’s Executive Calendar (98-438) September 19, 2013

CRS – Considering Legislation on the House Floor: Common Practices in Brief (R43424) March 14, 2014

CRS – Senate’s Calendar of Business (98-429) June 17, 2014

CRS – Speaking on the House Floor: Gaining Time and Parliamentary Phraseology (RS22991) November 27, 2014

CRS – Special Rules in the House of Representatives (96-938) Updated February 27, 2003

CRS – Amendments in Disagreement (98-813) November 3, 2004)

CRS – Floor Consideration of Conference Reports in the House (98-736) November 5, 2004

CRS – Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution: Interpretation and Enforcement (RL31399) March 15, 2011

CRS – House Standing Committee Chairs: Rules Governing Selection Procedures (RS21165) August 9, 2006

Budget Reconciliation

CRS – Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration (98-814) November 30, 2015

CRS – Debt Limit Legislation – The House “Gephardt Rule” (RL31913) July 27, 2015

CRS – Budget Reconciliation Measures Enacted Into Law: 1980-2010 (R40480) September 2, 2010

CRS – Budget Reconciliation Process: House and Senate Procedures (RL33030) August 10, 2005

CRS – The Budget Reconciliation Process: Stages of Consideration (R440582) June 2, 2014

CRS – Points of Order Limiting the Contents of Reconciliation Legislation: In Brief (R43885) October 14, 2015

CRS – Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Committee Responses to Reconciliation Directives (R41151) January 19, 2016

CRS – Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Committee Responses to Reconciliation Directives (R41151) October 24, 2013

CRS – Reconciliation Directives: Components and Enforcement (R41186) May 3, 2012

CRS – The Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Legislative Action (RL30458) February 23, 2016

CRS – Potential Policy Implications of the House Reconciliation Bill (H.R. 3762) (R44238) December 9, 2015

CRS Byrd Rule Reports

CRS – The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s “Byrd Rule” (RL30862) November 22, 2016

CRS – The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s “Byrd Rule” (RL30862) September 13, 2010

CRS – The Budget Reconciliation Process – The Senate’s “Byrd Rule” (Bob Keith RL30862) July 8, 2009

CRS – The Budget Reconciliation Process – The Senate’s “Byrd Rule” (Bob Keith RL30862) Updated March 20, 2008

General

CRS – The Debt Limit Since 2011 (R43389) March 29, 2018

CRS – Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)- Brief Summary of Division E—The Advancing Chronic Care, Extenders, and Social Services (ACCESS) Act (R45126) March 9, 2018

CRS – Budget Enforcement Procedures – The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule (RL31943) January 9, 2018

CRS – Medicare Trigger (RS22796) February 8, 2018

CRS – “Extraordinary Measures” and the Debt Limit (IN10837) December 8, 2017

CRS – Shutdown of the Federal-Government Causes Processes and Effects (RL34680) November 30, 2017

CRS – Shutdown of the Federal Government- Causes, Processes, and Effects (RL34680) November 30, 2017

CRS – The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions (R44874) September 1, 2017

CRS – Budget Actions in 2017 (R44799) August 23, 2017

CRS – The Legislative Process on the Senate Floor- An Introduction (96-548) April 10, 2017

CRS – Defense Primer: The National Defense Budget Function (050) (IF10618) March 17, 2017

CRS – Millennium Challenge Corporation (RL32427) January 11, 2017

CRS – Unfunded Mandates Reform Act – History, Impact, and Issues (R40957) October 27, 2016

CRS – The Commodity Credit Corporation – In Brief (R44606) August 29, 2016

CRS – Social Services Block Grant- Background and Funding (94-953) March 14, 2016

CRS – Overview of Funding Mechanisms in the Federal Budget Process, and Selected Examples (R44582) August 4, 2016

CRS – Five Years of the Budget Control Act’s Disaster Relief Adjustment (R44415) March 15, 2016

CRS – Social Services Block Grant- Background and Funding (94-953) March 14, 2016

CRS – Provisions of the Senate Amendment to H.R. 3762 (R44300) February 1, 2016

CRS – The Budget Control Act of 2011 as Amended: Budgetary Effects (R42506) December 29, 2015

(BCA): CRS – The Budget Control Act, Sequestration, and the Foreign Affairs Budget- Background and Possible Impacts (R42994) March 13, 2013

(BCA): CRS – The Budget Control Act of 2011- The Effects on Spending and the Budget Deficit (R42506) April 1, 2013

(BCA) CRS – The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 – Modifications to the Budget Enforcement Procedures in the Budget Control Act (R42949) February 4, 2013

CRS – The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA; P.L. 114-10) (R43962) November 10, 2015

CRS – The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases (RL31967) November 2, 2015

(Debt) CRS – The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases (RL31967) October 15, 2013

CRS – Flow of Business – A Typical Day on the Senate Floor (98-865) September 16, 2015

CRS – The Amending Process in the Senate (CRS 98-853) September 16, 2015

CRS – Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director (RL31880) May 20, 2015

CRS – Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2016 and Beyond (R43933) March 6, 2015

CRS – Congressional Oversight Manual (RL30240) December 19, 2014

CRS Memorandum – Budgetary Effects Excluded from the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Scorecards; May 15, 2014

CRS – FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Selected Issues (R43537) May 7, 2014

CRS – An Examination of Federal Disaster Relief Under the Budget Control Act (R42352) November 8, 2013

CRS – The President_s Budget- Overview of Structure and Timing of Submission to Congress (R43163) July 25, 2013

CRS – FY2014 Budget Documents Internet and GPO Availability (R43075) May 20, 2013

CRS – The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 – Modifications to the Budget Enforcement Procedures in the Budget Control Act (R42949) February 4, 2013

CRS – Baselines and Scorekeeping in the Federal Budget Process (98-560) November 26, 2012

CRS – Entitlements and Appropriated Entitlements in the Federal Budget Process (RS20129) November 26, 2012

CRS – Basic Federal Budgeting Terminology (98-410) November 26, 2012

CRS – The Executive Budget Process: An Overview (R42633) July 27, 2012

CRS – Klamath River Basin: Background and Issues (R42157) June 7, 2012

CRS – Submission of the Presidents Budget in Transition Years (RS20752) May 17, 2012

CRS – Subsidy Cost of Federal Credit – Cost to the Government or Fair Value Cost? (R42503) April 25, 2012

CRS – Federal Government Corporations: An Overview (RL30365) June 8, 2011

CRS – A Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Background and Congressional Options (R41907) December 20, 2011

CRS – Budget Control Act of 2011 (R41965) August 19, 2011

CRS – The Quasi Government- Hybrid Organizations with Both Government and Private Sector Legal Characteristics (RL30533) June 22, 2011

CRS – Congressional Budget Office – Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director (RL31880) March 29, 2011

CRS – History of the Joint Committee on Reduction of Non-Essential Federal Expenditures (1941- 1974), with Observations on Oversight Today (R41465 October 26, 2010)

CRS – The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 – Summary and Legislative History (R41157) September 13, 2010

CRS – OMB Controls on Agency Mandatory Spending Programs- “Administrative PAYGO” and Related Issues for Congress (R41375) August 19, 2010

CRS – The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010: Summary and Legislative History (Robert Keith R41157) April 2, 2010

CRS – Federal Rulemaking: The Role of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (RL32397) June 9, 2009

CRS – The Spending Pipeline: Stages of Federal Spending (98-405) July 17, 2008

CRS – Federal Fiscal Year (98-325) June 17, 2008)

CRS – Federal Credit Reform: Implementation of the Changed Budgetary Treatment of Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees (RL30346) June 24, 2008

CRS – Cloture: Its Effect on Senate Proceedings (98-780) May 19, 2008

CRS – House and Senate Procedure – A Comparison (RL30945) April 16, 2008

CRS – National Emergency Powers (98-505) Updated August 30, 2007

CRS – Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs): An Institutional Overview (RS21663) April 23, 2007

CRS – GSE Reform: A New Affordable Housing Fund (RS22336) November 28, 2005.

CRS – Congressional Budget Office – Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director (RL31880) October 18, 2005

CRS – General Management Laws: A Compendium (RL30795) Updated May 19, 2004

CRS – Tax Limitation Constitutional Amendment: Issues and Options Concerning a Super-Majority Requirement (98-368) Updated July 15, 2003

CRS – What If the National Debt Were Eliminated? Some Economic Consequences (RL30614) April 12, 2001

CRS – Off-Budget Status of Federal Entities: Background and Current Proposals (RS20350) October 5, 1999

CRS – Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Procedural Issues and Legislative History (98-671) August 5, 1998

CRS – Summary and Legislative History of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (CRS Report 97-931 GOV) October 8, 1997

CRS – The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997- An Overview (97-854 E) Updated October 17, 1997

CRS – Budget Reconciliation in the 105th Congress- Achieving a Balanced Budget by 2002 (97-620 EPW) Updated September 11, 1997

CRS – Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund – An Overview (CRS Report 95-1158) October 3, 1996

CRS – Federal Budget Process Reform: Proposals and Legislative Actions in the 107th Congress (RL31479) October 1, 2002

CRS – Congressional Budget Actions in 2005 (RL32791) January 20, 2006

CRS – Congressional Budget Actions in 2004 (RL32246) December 27, 2004

CRS – Congressional Budget Actions in 2003 (RL31754) December 17, 2004

CRS – Congressional Budget Actions in 2002 (IB10096) August 28, 2002

CRS – Congressional Budget Actions in 2002 (RL31795) March 19, 2003

CRS – Congressional Budget Actions in 2006 (RL33291) December 28, 2006

Budget Counsel

A Reference for the Laws and Rules of the Congressional Budget Process

§013. CRS Reports

Reports by the Congressional Research Service

Primary Laws

Manual on Budget Process

Budget Process

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Appropriations

Budget Resolutions – Historical Information

Budget Resolutions – General CRS Reports

Sequestration

Statutory Enforcement

Legislative Procedure and Rulemaking

Budget Reconciliation

CRS Byrd Rule Reports

General

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